What is a morpheme? 什么是语素？

What is a morpheme?

According to Wikipedia, the definition of "morpheme" is: In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language. In other words, it is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. But, linguists regard a word as the smallest meaningful unit of a language.
If a word can be split into at least two meaningful parts which are morphemes. For example, the word “boys” can be split into two parts. Boy means a male child, and s means plural. However, you cannot find any morpheme in English sentences, because the smallest unit of sentences is a word. In sentences, boy is not a morpheme, but a word, and s does not exist.
A morpheme is a meaningful part of a word. If you regard a word as the smallest unit of a language, a morpheme is not the smallest meaningful unit of a language.

Reference: New Concept Linguistics

什么是语素？

根据维基百科，“语素”的定义是：在语言学中，语素是书面语里最小的语法单位。 换句话说，语素是书面语中最小的有意义的单位。 但是，语言学家一致认为 word 是书面语中最小的有意义的单位。 如果一个 word 可以分为至少两个有意义的部分，这两个部分就是语素。 例如，boys 可以分为两部分。 boy 意思是男孩，s 意思是复数。 但是，在英文句子里，你找不倒任何语素，因为英文句子里最小的单位是 word。在句子里，boy 不是一个语素，而是一个单词。至于单独的 s，句子里不存在。
语素是 word 内部有意义的一个部分。 如果你认为 word 是书面语里最小的单位，那么语素就不是书面语里最小的有意义的单位。

参考：新概念语言学